Artificial situations {experiment} can test hypotheses or answer questions. Genomics experiments use one or more assays, samples, and markers.
Arrays can have random sets of spots with various concentrations and known green-intensity vs. red-intensity ratios {Random Ratio Dilution series test} (RRD). Automated spot finding works at the 85% level. Variation coefficient {coefficient of variance} (CV) is less than 20%.
Lasers can fluoresce microarray to read sample results {reader, microarray} {microarray reader} {scanner, microarray} {microarray scanner}. Displays can zoom, track, and normalize arrays or array sets. Dual red/green lasers need constant laser-spot size and large field depth. Scanning simultaneously minimizes spatial crosstalk. Microarrays are in automatic loaders to maintain positions.
Control samples {standard sample} calibrate instruments or methods.
Oligonucleotides attach to plates {array} in rectangular patterns, to test one sample for hybridization.
plates
Plates can be silicon chips {DNA chip}, plastic blocks with small wells {microarray, plate}, optical-fiber tips {bead array}, or glass slides {planar array}.
process
For example, plastic blocks have wells. Wells have reactive-chemical solutions to assay samples. Array probes samples by hybridizing oligonucleotides to sample RNAs or cDNAs. Reader detects hybridization amount using light. Statistical and comparative calculations follow.
Sample plates {master plate} stored in freezers can make daughter plates.
Master plates supply other plates {daughter plate}.
Arrays {microarray} can have 9x9-spot matrices at hundreds of positions, to test many genes against one or more test oligonucleotides, plus controls and fiducial-probes.
Plates {microtiter plate} can have small wells.
Sample plates contain pits {well, array} that can hold one or more samples.
4-Genetics-Recombinant DNA-Gene Expression
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225